To prevent tooth decay, you must understand it. Many people think that sugar alone causes cavities. In fact, it is the acid that bacteria leave behind after eating sugar in your mouth that causes these. Without bacteria your teeth would not decay.

Acid will breakdown enamel or the outer protective layer of your teeth. As it is "eaten" away by acid, your tooth will weaken and eventually collapse. This collapse or absence of sound tooth structure is a cavity. A cavity is composed of food, bacteria and broken down tooth structure. Without treatment, decay will continue to weaken your tooth the same way rot will breakdown a piece of wood. This is why early treatment of any problem is important. Think of it. A single dry rot-infested wood board is easier and less expensive to repair than a whole house infested with it. When this rot affects the foundation or major parts of a structure, it becomes not only difficult to repair but also irreparable in certain cases. The same is true for your teeth. When decay becomes too extensive, a simple filling won't take care of the problem. Crowns, root canals and sometimes extractions are the only option.

Everyone can get cavities, but some people are at greater risk than others. Here are some things to consider when determining your susceptibility to caries (cavities):

1. Not brushing or flossing properly and regularly will leave more bacteria behind to break down tooth structure.

2. Diets high in carbohydrates and sugars feed bacteria that remain behind, ultimately increasing the amount of acid in your mouth. Acidic foods such as citrus, sodas and coffee will also weaken tooth structure.

3. People with weaker enamel have a compromised protective layer. Using dentist prescribed fluoride for a minimum of 6 months will remineralize the enamel layer and make it stronger than it previously was. The presence of decalcified enamel (white spots on the teeth) is an indication of higher susceptibility to decay.

4. People with low salivary flow, due to medications, systemic factors and drug use will inherently develop more decay. Saliva functions to wash away debris and provide an additional source of fluoride and antibodies which will counteract the affect of bacteria.

5. People with systemic factors like Diabetes, HIV/AIDS and pregnancy will have a weaker immune system and will not be able to fight off bacteria as well as healthy individuals.

What can you do? Practicing preventive dentistry is key.

1. Brush, floss and rinse at least 2 times a day.
2. Have your regularly scheduled cleanings and check-ups.
3. Use prescription strength fluoride.
4. Eat a well-balanced diet, low in carbohydrates, sugars and acids.
5. Drink plenty of water and chew sugarless gum more often.
6. Stay healthy and keep your annual physical exams.